Minster



Aug. 7, 1923. Y 1,463.886 J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOK FOR WEAVING VELVETP'ILE CARPETS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 29. 1921 9 suns-sheet-1- v v 15463886 J. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOM FOR WEAVING VELVET FILE CARPETSAND OTHER FILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 29. 1921 -9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 7, 192

J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOK FOR WEAVING VELVET FILE CARPETS AND OTHERFILE FABRICS Filed NOV. 29 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Au 7, 1923. 1,463,886J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOK FOR WEAVING VELVET I ILE CARPETS AND OTHERFILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 29;,1921 9 sheets-shew 4 Aug'; 7,1923. I',43.886

' J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL I LQOM FOR WEAVING VELVET PILE CARPETS AND OTHERFILE FABRICS Fil d 29. 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Aug. 7, 1923. 1,463.886

' J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOM FOR wmvme VELVET FILE CAHPETS AND OTHERFILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 29; 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Aug. 1, 1923. 1.463386J. E. 'GROSVENOR ET AL v LOOM FOR WEAVJ YNG VELVET PILE CARPETS ANDOTHER FILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 29. 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet Aug. 7, 1923.

J. E.'GROSVENOR ET AL LOOM FOR WEAVING VELVET FILE CARPETS AND OTHERFILE FABRICS Filed Nov 29 1921 '9 SheetsSheet 8 Aug. 7, 1923. 1.463.886

J. E. GROSVENOR ET AL LOOM FOR WEAVING VELVET FILE CARPETS AND OTHERFILE FABRICS Filed NOW 29. 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Patented Aug. 7, 1923.

UNITED srATEs JoirN ERNEST eaosvENoR, or

oonianr'r, AND WILLIAM THOMAS PICKING, or KIDDER- MINSTER,

ENGLAND.

LOOM FOR WEAVING VELVET PILE CARPETS AND 'orrnna PILE FABRICS.

Application filed November 29, 1921. Serial No. 518,606.

To allwhom it may concern:

Foley Park, Kidderminster, in the county of Worcester, aforesaid,respectively,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Loomsfor Weaving'Velvet'Pile Carpets I and Other Pile Fabrics; and we dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the same.

This invention has "reference to looms for weaving velvet pile carpetsand other pile fabrics and is applicable to any looms for weavingcut-pile oarpets or other fabrics where the pile threads are brought tothe fabric as warp ends and where the pile threads are selected for thesurface by being raised above the other warp ends to form what is knownas the lash of pile threads by which we mean that collection of warppile threads which have been raised as aforesaid, whether the fabric isplain or I patterned, whether the pattern is formed by jacquard or othermechanism or whether the pattern is formed by the pile threads beingspecially printed or coloured either before or after weaving.

Prior to this invention it has been proposed in a loom for weaving pilecarpets and other pile fabrics to dispense with the usual transversepile wires and the mechanism 'for operating them and instead thereof toem- I ploy a series of hooks, one hook for each course across the wholewidth of the fabric, said hooks having parallel shanks and hooked frontends and being suitably mounted longitudinally of the fabric on asupport running across the front of the loom just above the woven cloth,said support for the 1 hooks being capable of being moved to and fro sothat when pushed forwards towards the lash of pile threads selected andraised to form the pile, the hooks are respectively inserted between thepile threads selected and raised, and" as the hooks have each anupturned end forming a hook which is bent laterally at an angle orinclined'outwardly to one side to engage with a respective pile thread,these threads are displaced laterally by the hooks and engaged by thehooks and drawn back with the hooks towards the cloth into a positionover a plate fixed on the top of the breast beam 90 of the loom andthere held to be bound in by the weft, each hook having a knife with acutting edge sloping upwards near the rear end of the hook,

which knife forms an integral part of each hook and so arranged that theknife moves forward with the hook and cuts a loop each time the hookmoves forward, but leaving sufficient uncut loops on each hook toprevent the pile threads pulling out. Also in this arrangement theengagement of the selected pile threads with the hooks depended upon theshape of the upstanding end of the hook, which arrangement was notsatisfactory, especially where, owing to more than one frame of pileyarns being employed with the jacquard or other mechanism to select thepattern threads, the pile threads are pushed aside from the centre ofeach course by the breaking up of the lash.

This invention is not to be confused with longitudinal wire loomswherein the wires are stationary and pass from the plate on the breastbeam of the loom, between the dents of the reed and through the lashwhen the pile threads are raised. Such machines have been proposed andfor engaging the pile threads over the longitudinal wires it has beensuggested to use a laterally moving comb which is adapted to move thepile threads transversely. These machines are open to certainobjections, the chief of which is perhaps that the stationarylongitudinal wires which pass throughthe reed obscure the view of theoperator so that he is'unable to detect breakages and faults in theweaving. Also in these looms it is necessary to duplicate each lash inorder that'the pile threads may be returned to their or glnal positionbetween the wires, thus halving the speed of production.

According to the present invention we provide hooks arrangedlongitudinally with respect to the pile threads and normally exterior tothe lash formed'by theraising of the pile threads, but have an endwlsemovement to pass between the pile threads when in said raised positionin combination with independent means for displacing the pile threads orthe hooks or both the hooks and the threads laterally, so that thethreads engage with the hooks for forming the pile loops.

The arrangement is preferably such that each selected pile thread ismoved first upwardly and to one side with respect to the hook and whilstin this position the hook is moved forwardly, the selected pile threadsubsequently being moved across to the other side of the hook anddownwardly, after which the hook is moved back.

The lateral movements of the selected pile threads are preferablyeffected by lateral movements of the upper portions of the dents ofthereed. To facilitate such movements the dents of the reed may be madeflexible and they may be secured at the bottom in a bar attached to thelay bottom and in order to keep them in their proper spaced relationshipwhilst making their bending or angular'movements, without causing themto be bent into a double curve, the upper end of each dent may be passedfreely between the teeth of a comb like member which may be securedtothe upper bar by means of a central pivot on which it can rock firstinclining in one direction, then in the other as the dents aresuccessively bent first in one direction then in the other. In widelooms it can be divided into suitably short. sections, each sectionbeing centrally pivoted to the upperbar. Alternatively the comb likemember may be mounted so as to have free vertical movements and slightlateral horizontal movement with respect to the upper bar.

he upper bar is preferably iven its lateral movements by cam operatedmechanism which is car'ried by a member which partakes of thelongitudinal movements of the ay. 7 Another part of our inventionrelates to the means employed for severing the loops and for thispurpose we preferably provide separate knives independent from the hooksbut alternatively we may provide the hooks with knives or sharp edgesarranged sub stantially parallel with or at a relatively sli' htinclination to the direction of longitu inalmovement of the hooks, andsuch knives or sharp edges may either be formed as an integral part ofthe hooks or may be rigidlyattached to the hooks. The arrangement issuch that there are always a number of loops upon the hooks which loopsare severed one by one to allow the woven fabric to leave the hookswhich it does preferably in a downwardly inclined direction.

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a view looking longitudinally withrespect to the warp threads and showing the dents of the reed and aportion of the lay cap in their normal position.

' Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1 showing the reeds bent to theleft and also indicating in dot and dash lines the reeds bent to theright.

i F igure 3 is a sectional view on line X-X of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional view in side elevation showing one of the hooksand the means em loyedfor carrying it.

igure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the cross bar used forcarrying the hooks.

Figure 6 is a plan view of the cross bar shown in Figure 5. 1

Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12* are sectional views in side elevationshowing in successive stages the movements of a hook and a selected pilethread to illustrate the manner of forming the loops. at t Figure 13 isa view looking longitudinally with respect to the warp threads andshowing the mechanism for giving the dents of the reed their lateralmotion and also showing the mechanism for moving the cross bar whichcarries the hooks.

Figure 14 isa plan view corresponding with Figure 13. 1 I

Figure 15 is a side view with F igure13.

Figure 16is a side view showing the preferred method of cutting theloops.

Figure 17 is a sectional end view corresponding with Figure .16.. y

Figure 18 is a plan view corresponding with Figure 16.. l

Figure 19. is a plan view upon an enlarged scale showing the method ofsupporting the knives.

, corresponding Figure 20 is an end view corresponding with Figure 19.

Figure 21 is a sectional end .view of one of the hooks.

. Figure 22 is a view in. cross section on line XX of Figure 21.

Figure 23 is a sectional viewshowing 5 an alternative apparatus forcutting the loops. Figure 24 is a side view'of one of the knives. i

Figure 25 is a plan view showing the manner of mounting the knives.

Figure 26 1s a view in side elevation showing the preferred method ofsecuring the dents in spaced relationship in the lay cap. Figure 27 is asimilar'view to Figure 26 showing the dents in their bent'position.

Figure 28 is a perspective view showing the spacing member employedv inthelay.

the means for mounting the dents in the lay bottom. I

Figure 33 is a perspective view showing the 'mean'swhereby the means forraisingthe pile threads maybe rendered inoperative.

Figure 34 is a'sec'tional view in plan of the apparatus shown in Figure33.

- Figure 35 is a sectional view inside 'eleva-- tion showing the pilethread raising means injits operative position.

Figure 36 is a sectional view in side eleva tlOIl showlng the pilethread raising meansand vertical, are combined with meanswhe'reby theselected pile threads 3 are moved laterally to both sides alternately atthe proper times to cause them to be engaged by the hook s and to belooped over theshanks '2 ofthe same to form the loops 4 which as thefabric is woven are 'progres-' sivelyretired along the' shanks 2 of thehooks, the rearparts of which arev combined with independent knives 42(see Figures 16 to;2l) or are shaped as knives 5 which cut the loopsi'to form the pile.

In order to' efi'ect the necessarylateral movements of the selected pilethread, the reed is preferably constructed with flexible dent's 7, thelower'ends' of which are securedin' the bar 8 which is fixed in the laybottom 6 whilst the upper bar 9 is movable laterally 1, in: the lay cap10, thereby giving a lateral movementto co'mb-likemembers 11 havingteeth 1'2'which project between the dents 7, thus inclining the dents 7to either side of the vertical. To compensate for the angular movements'of the dents 7 in relation to thehorizontally moving upper bar 9 and toprevent a double curve being impartedto them, each comb-like member 11is attached to the upper bar any means ofa central pivot 54;

- in sucha manner as to permit it to assume a more or less inclinedposition in either'di recti'on to suit the inclined position of thedents 7, or the comblike-member'11 may be soheld'iirthe upper bar 9'asto be capableof free vertical and slight lateral movement inrel'atio'nythjereto and thus be enabled to assume thenecessaryinclination. 3

'Referring to F igures "26', 27, 28 and 29- which show the preferredmethod of securing the dents in spaced relationship in the lay cap, thelay cap is" provided with a fixed spacing member'whioh consists of 'apair of plates 70' between which pass a number of equally spacedcylindrical pins 71. I Thismember is secured in the lay cap as shown inthe drawings and the upper ends of the dents pass freely'betwe'en thepins-71 so that when the dents arebent, being fixed at their lower endsand free at their upper ends,they assume a single curve as shownin Figure'27 asudistinct from a double curve which would be-obtained'if theywere fixed at their upperends: The spacing member comprising the plate'70 and pins '71v is fixed to the sliding member of the lay cap andmoves therewith. v erring to- Figures '30, 31 and 32,:the

lower ends of the flexible dents are placed in between the teeth of acomb 72 which is held in the lay bottom. A locating'bar 7 3 1 isprovided in the comb 72 and the dents are each provided. with a notch 71 for engaging with the-barfi7-3. The bottoms of the' dents rest uponabar 75. The .lo'catingbar position by aabar 7 6 asshown 73 is heldin inFigure 30. r v This method of mounting the'dents detach-ablyenablesthem-to be renewed individually as may be :requiredr The'dents 7 may bestraight, but in order. to avoid any risk of the dents 7 striking theforward ends of the hooks l d ,g

ing the dents and hook, or possibly breaking the'pile threads, the dents'7 may be 1 shaped with a recess immediately above the part which beatsup the weft-to the loom plate as shown in Figures 3 and 12. This is'moreimportant if the hooks are shaped laterally as well described. I Y

Y The operation of the loom-is as follows: Assuming the hooks lare-intheir back ward positions over the plate- 52 andwoven' fabric 53 (seeFigure 7) then the selected pile threads 3 rise and'are moved-laterallyto the left (or right) of the hooks (see Figure 8). Now the hooks 1 goforward (see Figure 9). Then the pile threads 3' are carried over (seeFigure 10) to the right (or left). Then the hooks move rightback untilthe inner angle of the hook is immediately o'verthe-edge of the plate 52'(seeFig ure 11') causing the hooks' to engage with the pile threadsafter which (seeFigure 12) the pile threads drop down onto the rightasvertically as hereinafter (or left) as thelay-beats up the bottom layto bend in the loops after the hooks have movedback again. In Figuresrole the lower weftis not shown for convenience in the dr'awings-.- i iAs will be understood, the lay has (as usual) a longitudinallyreciprocating movement, whilstin addition the upper bar '9 carried inthe lay'cap 10 is giv'enlateral oscillating movements to both sides "ofits central position, and the mechanismto effect these lateraloscillatin movements is carried by amember 13 w ich has a longitudinalloscillating movement in unison with the ay. The upper bar 9 is providedwith slots 32-which engage with studs 33 which project from the layswords 24. In this way the upper bar 9 ismounted to have a limitedreciprocating movement laterally with respect to the warp threads.

. The books 1 aremounted in a carrier 14 attachedto a transverse bar 50(see Figures 4 and 14) which is adapted for longitudinal movements, andfor this purpose the hooks may be fitted in correctly spaced slots 15 inthecarrien 14 and in order toiretain the hooks in position the carriermay be provided with'an inverted V or square shaped ridge-16 whichengages with the cones 0nding notches on the undersides of the 1, thehooks being finally secured in place plate l7'which is clamped on thetop I 0 them. Or the books may be provided with an eye 41-(see Figure21) either in the "shank 2. or if the hook is, grooved, as hereinafterdescribed, in the groove 40, these eyes engaging withteeth 48 on thecarrier 14, the hooks being finally .securedxby a plate as abovedescribed. Or the books may be soldered into the slots 15 in carrier 14which in wide looms may be divided into sections of convenient length.The ,longi' tudinal movements of the hooks may be effected by twocranked arms l8carried by transverse shaft 19 which is rocked by meansof another crank andlink 20 and a lever 21 controlled by a cam 22 on ashaft 31.

The shaft 19 maybe underthe plate and behind the woven fabric as shownor may be in frontlof the loom and woven fabric to enable additionalcrank arms tobe placed at suitable intervals across a wide loom.

To cn'surejthaitthe'member 13 which carrieshthe mechanism for giving thelateral oscillationsvto the bar 9' moves in unison with: the lay itismounted at its lower end 1 upon the shaft 23 which also carries the lay.

swords 24. andis secured atits upper end to the shuttle-box, extension25 of the lay bottom 6.

1 Theupper bar" 9 is given itsloscillations by a link 26-attached to abell crankilever 27 pivoted to member 13. The-other end of the ookspartof the loom.

per trough service of the books so that as the weaving proceeds" and thepile loops work against and past the knives, the loops are properlysevered thereby as required. The said knives are preferably made asthmcircularblades or discs (see Figures 16 to 21), a separate knifeengaging. 111 each trough-shaped channel as aforesaid. This channelextends for the necessary distance along the shank 2 of the hook toaccommodate the knife during the longitudinal move+ ment of the hook.The knivescan convem iently be mounted on a member slotted in the formof a comb having broad teeth 51, one knife in each slot 44', the knivesbeing held in position bya shaft 43 which passes alternately through thecentre of one ofthe knives and through a hole in one of the broad teeth51, thus maintaining the knives in the proper pitch. The knives 42'maybe mounted to revolve with cross shaft 43 or the knives may bemountedfreely upon the shaft, when they will be caused to revolve slowlyby the pile loops working against them or they may be caused to revolvemore rapidly first in one direction and then'in the other by friction ofthe sides of the grooves as the hooks move to and fro, or the knives maybe fixed so as to be stationary in operation but capable of beingoccasionally turned so-as to present a new cutting point to the loopswhen one point has become dulled. Alternatively, circular knives may bemounted on a cross shaft such as 43 but of stouter and more rigidconstruction and either the shaft to'which the knives are fixed or theknives. individually or in groups may be positively driven by a-rotarymovement in a direction which is opposite to the movement of the hooks.In order to maintain the shaft 43 carrying these circular knives in ahorizontal position a stout cross bar 46 is fixed above the knives andcarries the member 45. The member 45 and the shaft 43 may be dividedintosections of convenient length and the cross bar 46 may in wide loomsbe stayed at suitable intervals to the upper front cross bar or otherconvenient The upper surface of the cross bar 46 may. be convenientlyshaped to form a shelf with a beaded edge on which the weaver may placehis scissors and other small articles and on which he can refillhisshuttles. The cram bar 46 may, especially-in wide looms, beconveniently made of channel section steel girderxheld at either end bysuitable castings. As a modification, the knives may be of sector-likeshape with their cutting edges entering the grooves and mounted on astout rocking shaft sothat the knives present a moving cutting surfaceto theloops so that the latter are easily and properly cut. Or theshaft, and consequently the knives, may bestationary, buteasilyadjustable so as to present a new point inthe cutting edge of the knivesto the loops when one point has becomedulhor, in addition to beingadjustable, the shaft and knives mounted upon it may be given a slightmovement backwards and forwards. Instead of employing knives of circularshape, the knives may be made in the form of shoe-like blades 54 (seeFigures 23-25) which may be held by a comb-like member 55 to which theymay be conveniently secured by a rod 56 dropped alternately into grooves57' in the blades 54 and, grooves 58 in the teeth of the member 55. Themember 55 may be heldinthe cross bar 46 by being placed in a recess 59in the cross bar 46 and secured. by an angle plate 60 by a thumb screw61. It will be understood that in this method the blades 54 will bestationary and will cut the loops as they .work against them as thefabric is woven. The member 55, rod 58, and the angle plate ,60may allbe divided into sections of convenientlength so that any individualblade may be easily and quickly removed and re placed by removingthecorresponding sec- ,tion of the angle plate'60. If it is desired to.form the cross bar 46 of channel section steel girder as hereinbeforementioned the groove 59 may be made in a suitable casting 'rigid'lyattached to the channel section girder. Instead of using a rod suchas 56'.for lockingor retaining the plates 54, the

said plates may be retained in position by providing a downwardlyprojecting lip at the forward edge ofthe angle plates 60. In such aconstruction the groups 57 and 58 would preferably beomitted.

' which may accumulate in the groove'inthe shankofthe hook. In amodification, the

rear portion of the shanks 2 of'the hooks umay be provided'with a sharpcutting edge the inclined plate 52 by the usual take up motion.

The inclined plate52 .is provided at its forward end with a roller 47havinga number of small spikes either at each end or*throughoutits'length. These spikes may be -:placed' spirally asthefthread of a screw.

loop of pile thread greater or'less.

Any other suitable means may be employed for imparting the properlateral movements to the selected pile threads at the proper times, suchfor instance as a laterally movable comb supported by the lay cap infront of the reed and made with teeth to engage the pile threads. Thenecessary lateral movements may be imparted to the comb by similarmechanism to that described for operating the upper bar-of the reed 9(see Figures 13, 14 and 15). The necessary lateral movements of theselected pile threads can (as a further modification) be obtained by thewhole reed being moved sideways or the upper part of the dentsof thereed may be of a bent or zigzag shape so as to imp-art the necessarylateral movements to. the pilethreads as they pass up and down betweenthe dents.

In combination with any of the hereinbefore described methods ofimparting lateral movements to the pile threads,the up turned portion ofthe hook may be vertical only as is preferred, or it may be shapedlaterally also to assist in the engagement of the pile thread as hasbeen done prior to our invention.

The hooks are preferably moved to and fro simultaneously as ishereinbefore particularly described and shown on the appended drawingsbut if preferred in very wide looms, the hooks are moved successively bymeans of a bowl, wedge, or other contrivance moving along the supportand so arranged that as it passes each hook it pushes it into the lash;the hook is withdrawn either at once by the passing of the bowl or othercontrivance or by the bowl or other 'contrivance on its return journey.One, two, or more bowls, or other contrivances can be used to the widthof the'loom.

. Any suitable, form of raising means for the pile yarns may be used forforming the lash. Such means are preferably controlled of pile fabrichas been woven it is the cus-.-

tom to weave a few rows of fabric without pile, these rows interveningbetween onev length of pile fabric and another Inorder to provide forthis we prefer to, provide means for rendering the pile thread raisingmeans ino' erative at will, Such means is pivot 86 passing through aslot 87 in a i "to --longitudinal ever 83, and can be swung aside asshown inFi'gures 34 and 36, so as to allow the rod 7 7' to reciprocatewithout moving the rod Mounted upon the lower part of the rod 78 is asleeve 81 which incorporates lugs'82 for carrying a hinge pin 80. Thelever '83 ismounted upon the pin 80. The sleeve 81 is provided with aslot 84 into which the distance piece 79 can be moved.

A movable collar 85-may be provided which can be dropped over the upperend of the distance piece 79 as shown in Figure 35 "for retaining it inthe position shown therein. This collar, however, may be moved upwardlyto allow of the distance piece 79 "bein moved aside. 25

I at we claim then is 1. Aloo'm for weaving pile fabrics having andlowering the warp pile threads, hoo s arranged longitudinally withrespect to the warp pile threads andfnormally exterior to the raisedwarp pile threads, means for moving the hooks in an endwise direction tomake their ends: assf'between the threads when in said ra'i position, asingle reed, means for movihg th'e dents of said reed laterally todisplace the threads laterally with respect to the hooks andmake theselected threads engage with the hooks for forming the pile loops, andmeans for moving said reed towards and awayfrom the hooks to beatup theweft.

2. A loom for weaving pile fabrics having in combination meansfo'rraisi'ng and lowering the warp pile threads, hooks arranged y withrespect to the warp pile threads and normally exterior tothe raised warpile threads, a single reed, means for moving "the dents of said reedlaterally, first 'too'ne side and subsequently to the other side ofitshormal position to displace thethreads laterally with respect to thehooks and thereby make the selected threads engage with the hooks forforming the pile loops, means for movingthe hooks in an endwisedirection to make their ends pass between the threads after the reed hasmoved 'to one side,

but before it moves to the opposite side, and means for moving said reedtowards and swayihom the hooks to beat u the Weft.

3. A loodn for weaving-pile abrics having *iir combination means forraising and lowerihg the warp "pile threads, hooks arranged 1 'lbngi'tildinally with respect to the warp 1 pile threads and normallyexterior to the raised pile threads, means for moving the 1n an endwisedirection to make their and make the selected threads engage with thehooks for forming the ile loops, and means for moving said reed towardsand away'fromthe hooks to beat u the 4. A loom for weaving pile abricshaving in combination means for raisin and lowering the warp pilethreads, ho'o arranged longitudinally with respect to the warp pile $0threads and normally exterior to the raised warp pile threads, a reedfor the warp pile threads disposed always in advance of the hooks butadapted to move towards and away from said hooks, means for moving thedents of said reed laterally, first to one side and subsequently to theother side of their normal ositlon, to displace the threads laterallyand thereby make the selected threads engage with the hooks forformingthe pile oops, means for moving the hooks in an en'dwisedirectionit'o make their ends pass between the threads after the reedhas moved to one side, but before it moves to the opposite side, andmeans for moving said me towards andaway item the hooksto beat up theweft.

5. In a loom for weavinggpile fabrics in combinatiommeans for raisingandlowering the warp ile threads, hooks arranged longatudinally withrespect to the warp pie threads and normally exterior to the warp pilethreads, means ifor moving the hooks in an endwise direction to maketheir ends (pass between threads when in said raise position, ajreed,the dents which are flexible, said "dents being" detachahly mounted atone end in the lay and secured to a laterally movable bar in the laycap, and operatingmeans 'ztor'm'oving Esaid bar whereby the threads canbe movedlaterally with respect to the hooks ISOIS to make the selectedthreads engage withthe hooks for formingthe pile loops.

6. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics in combination, means for raisingandllowenin the said warp pile threads, hooks arrange longitudinallywith respeetito the warp pile threads and normally exterior to'the'raised warp "pile threads, "means for moving the hooks in an e'ndwisedireotiori to was their "ends pass between thethreads when in saidraised position, a reed the dents of are flexible, a lay bottom,v a layup, a splicing member for the dents in the layup, 'nsi in said spacing'mem ber, 'sa"id debits fbemg 48ecured at end in the lay-bottom andhaving their "other ends passing M y 'sai'd pins in the spacing the My"cap to space slime properly toprevmt from being bent into a doublecurve, and operating means for moving said spacing member whereby thethreads can be moved laterally with respect to the hooks so as to makethe selected threads engage withthe hooks for forming the pile loops.

7. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics in combination, means for raisingor lowering the said warp pile threads, hooks arranged longitudinallywith respect to the warp pile threads and normally exterior to theraised warp pile threads, means for moving the hooks in anendwisedirection to make their ends pass between thethreads when in said raisedposition, a reed the dents of which are flexible, a lay bottom, a laycap, a spacing member in the lay cap for the dents, said dents beingfixed at one end in the lay bottom and engaging at their free ends withthe spacing member, and operating means for moving said spacing memberwhereby the threads can be moved laterally with respect to the hooks soas to make the selected threads engage with the hooks for forming thepile loops, saidoperating means partaking of the longitudinal movementsof the 8. In loom for weaving pile fabrics in combination, hooksarranged longitudinally with respect to the pile threads and normallyexterior to the raised pile threads, means for moving the hooks in anendwise direction to make their ends pass between the threads when insaid raised position,

' means for effecting relative lateral movement between the threads andthe hooks so as to make the selected threadsengage with the hooks forforming the pile loops, channels in the shanks of said books, a toothedbar arranged transversely across said shanks and knives fixed betweenthe teeth of said bar, said knives projecting into said channels forsevering the loops after they have been bound in by the weft.

9. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics in combination, hooks arrangedlongitudinally with respect to the pile threads and normally exterior tothe raised pile threads, means for moving the hooks in an endwisedirection to make their ends pass between the threads when in saidraised position, means for effecting relative lateral movement betweenthe threads and the hooks so as to make the selected threads engage Withthe hooks for forming the pile loops, channels in the shanks of saidhooks, a toothed bar arranged transversely across said shanks and knivesfixed between the teeth of said bar, said knives projecting into saidchannels for severing the loops after they have been bound in by theweft, the cutting edges of said knives being inclined to the plane inwhich the hooks move.

10. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics in combination, hooksarrangedlongitudinally with respect to the pile threads and normallyexterior to the raised pile threads, means for moving the hooks in anendwise direction to make their ends pass between the threads when insaid raised position, means for effecting relative lateral movementbetween the threads and the hooks so as to make the selected threadsengage with the hooks for forming the pile loops, channels in the shanksof said hooks, a toothed bar arranged transversely across said shanksand knives fixed between the teeth of said bar, said knives projectinginto said channels for severing-the loops after they have been bound inby the weft, said knives having projecting heel pieces which are locatedin said channels and serve to remove fluff therefrom.

In witness whereof we ,afiix our signatureS.

JOHN ERNEST GROSVENOR. WILLIAM THOMAS PICKING.

